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Plasma transthyretin is a nutritional biomarker in human morbidities

Frontiers of Medicine 2022, Volume 16, Issue 4, Pages 540-550 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0940-3

Abstract: Transthyretin (TTR) is a small liver-secreted plasma protein that shows close correlations with changes in lean body mass (LBM) during the entire human lifespan and agglomerates the bulk of nitrogen (N)-containing substrates, hence constituting the cornerstone of body building. Amino acids (AAs) dietary restriction causes inhibition of TTR production and impairs the accretion of LBM reserves. Inflammatory disorders result in cytokine-induced abrogation of TTR synthesis and urinary leakage of nitrogenous catabolites. Taken together, the data indicate that malnutrition and inflammation may similarly suppress the production of TTR through distinct and unrelated pathophysiological mechanisms while operating in concert to downsize LBM stores. The hepatic synthesis of TTR integrates both machineries, acting as a marker of reduced LBM resources still available for defense and repair processes. TTR operates as a universal surrogate analyte that allows for the grading of residual LBM capacity to reflect disease burden. Measurement of TTR is a simple, rapid, and inexpensive micro-method that may be reproduced on a daily basis, hence ideally suited for the follow-up of the most intricated clinical situations and as a reliable predictor of any morbidity outcome.

Keywords： lean body mass nutritional status transthyretin malnutrition inflammation amyloidosis

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USING NUTRITIONAL STRATEGIES TO MITIGATE RUMINAL METHANE EMISSIONS FROM RUMINANTS

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2023, Volume 10, Issue 3, Pages 390-402 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023504

Abstract:

● Microbial fermentation in the rumen is a main source of methane emissions.

Keywords： nutritional strategy mitigation microbe methane ruminant

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Transgenic technologies in cassava for nutritional improvement and viral disease resistance: a key strategy

Maliwan NACONSIE,Peng ZHANG

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2016, Volume 3, Issue 4, Pages 285-294 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016119

Abstract: Genetic engineering provides promising approaches to improve nutritional value and increase resistance

Keywords： Manihot esculenta protein enhancement RNA interference transgenesis virus resistance

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Autophagy and the nutritional signaling pathway

Long HE,Shabnam ESLAMFAM,Xi MA,Defa LI

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2016, Volume 3, Issue 3, Pages 222-230 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016106

Abstract: AMPK is the energy status sensor, the core nutrient signaling component and the metabolic kinase of cells

Keywords： Autophagy ULK1 complex VPS34 complex AMPK mTOR nutrient signaling

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The Nutritional Support After Liver Transplantation

Fei Jia,Leng Xisheng,Peng Jirun

Strategic Study of CAE 2003, Volume 5, Issue 12, Pages 24-29

Abstract:

The nutritional state of the recipient of liver transplantation, the determination and the correctionof the nutritional state before surgery, the function of the liver graft, the principle and practiceof the nutritional support after surgery and the nutritional support in child undergone transplantation

Keywords： liver transplantation after surgery nutritional support

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Foxtail millet: nutritional and eating quality, and prospects for genetic improvement

Lu HE,Bin ZHANG,Xingchun WANG,Hongying LI,Yuanhuai HAN

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2015, Volume 2, Issue 2, Pages 124-133 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015054

Abstract: It also has high nutritional value.In addition, we review past progress in breeding this regionally important crop, outline current status

Keywords： foxtail millet grain quality quality evaluation breeding for quality

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Achievements in burn surgery over the past 50 years in China

WANG Shiliang

Frontiers of Medicine 2008, Volume 2, Issue 4, Pages 332-336 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0063-5

Abstract: burns, resuscitation, anti-infection, prevention and cure of internal organ injuries, metabolic and nutritional

Keywords： immunology scientific nutritional microbiology engineering

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Managing soil quality for humanity and the planet

Rattan LAL

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2020, Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages 251-253 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020329

Abstract:

Rather than a human-centric, the basic strategy of achieving Sustainable Development Goals must be focused on restoring and sustaining planetary processes. The urgency of meeting the demands of the humanity must be reconciled with the necessity of enhancing the environment. Increasing and restoring soil organic matter content of the degraded and depleted soils is critical to strengthening planetary processes.

Keywords： soil quality humanity planet climate change soil carbon sequestration food and nutritional security

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Current status and prospects of reliability systems engineering in China

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2021, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages 492-502 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0172-2

Abstract: This study provides a systematic overview of the advent and evolution of reliability systems engineering (RSE) in China, and the latest RSE development, that is, model-based RSE (MBRSE), is emphatically introduced. The establishment of the system architecture and conceptual models of MBRSE is first described. The fundamental theory and methodology of MBRSE are then elaborated, with a V-model as the core of this approach. The development of various MBRSE platforms and the effectiveness of their implementation over the past 30 years are presented. The prospective trends in the development of RSE in China are outlined.

Keywords： reliability effectiveness model-based systems engineering reliability systems engineering

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Present status and progress of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer

Jing Liu, Jinbo Yue, Ligang Xing, Jinming Yu

Frontiers of Medicine 2013, Volume 7, Issue 2, Pages 172-179 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0268-0

Abstract:

Trimodality based on neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) followed by surgery is gaining popularity as a treatment strategy for locally advanced esophageal cancer. In this review, we summarize the role of nCRT and the recommended nCRT regimens based on clinical trials and meta-analyses. We analyze the relationship of nCRT with pathologic complete response (pCR) and then identify potential predictive markers of response. Compared with surgery alone and neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery, trimodality provides longer survival and has the advantage of local control compared with definitive chemoradiotherapy. The standard regimen is a platinum-based regimen with a radiation dose range of 41.4–50.4βGy by conventional fractionation. Evidence shows that patients with pCR tend to live longer than non-responders, indicating that pCR is a significant prognostic factor for patients with esophageal cancer. Individualized medicine requires predictive markers of individual patients based on their own genes. Currently, no definite marker is proved to be sufficiently sensitive and specific for use in clinical practice, although 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography shows promise in predicting response to nCRT.

Keywords： esophageal cancer neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy

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Evaluation of the ecological status with benthic indices in the coastal system: the case of Bohai Bay

Wenqian CAI,Wei MENG,Lusan LIU,Kuixuan LIN

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2014, Volume 8, Issue 5, Pages 737-746 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0617-x

Abstract: Index (AMBI), Shannon–Wiener Index and -statistic) were applied together to evaluate the ecological statusThe results showed a clear spatial gradient from a worse ecological status in the near-shore areas (especiallyaround Haihe and Jiyun River Estuaries) to a better status in the offshore areas.Furthermore, there is indication that the ecological status is related to excess input of wastewaterIn a word, AMBI, Shannon–Wiener Index and -statistic could be able to assess the benthic ecological status

Keywords： AZTI’s Marine Biotic Index Shannon-Wiener Index W-statistic ecological status coastal system Bohai

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EGG PRODUCTION IN CHINA: CURRENT STATUS AND OUTLOOK

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages 25-34

Abstract:

• China is now the largest egg production country worldwide

• Egg production in China is characterized by diversity in several aspects

• China is now capable of breeding new varieties, with more than 50% of the market share

• Policies have been implemented to ensure sustainable development of egg production

• Integrating crop-chicken-vegetable production system is established

Eggs are one of the most nutritious and affordable animal products worldwide. From 1985, egg production in China has retained the leading place in the world. A total of 33 Mt of eggs were produced in 2019 representing ˃ 40% of the world total production. Egg production in China is characterized by diversity in several aspects, including layer breeds, products and production systems. New breeds and synthetic lines are developed to improve the genetic potentials of egg production and feed efficiency of layers. In the past, layer farms were run mostly by small households with 100 to 1000 layers per farm. Over the past decades, egg production in China has developed toward standardization and expansion of production systems, and many of these modern intensive farms raise millions of layers. Although the Chinese egg products maintain strong competitiveness over other animal products and imported egg products, the egg industry will grow at a slower pace compared to the past. Chinese consumers are more concerned about the quality and safety of eggs and egg products, as well as the environmental issues related to animal production, which presents challenges for the Chinese egg industry.

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HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTATION AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN PESTICIDE DISCOVERY: STATUS AND OUTLOOK

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2022, Volume 9, Issue 1, Pages 150-154 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021419

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Catalytic conversion of biomass-derived compounds to various amino acids: status and perspectives

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 7, Pages 817-829 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2254-z

Abstract: Amino acids are important nitrogen-containing chemicals that have a variety of applications. Currently, fermentation is the widely employed method to produce amino acids; however, the products are mostly limited to natural amino acids in the L-configuration. Catalytic synthesis is an alternative approach for the synthesis of amino acids with different types and configurations, where the use of renewable biomass-based feedstocks is highly attractive. To date, several lignocellulose and triacylglycerol-derived intermediates, typically α-keto acids and α-hydroxyl acids, have been transformed into amino acids via the amination reaction in the presence of additional nitrogen sources (i.e., NH₃·H₂O). Making full use of inherent nitrogen in biomass (i.e., chitin and protein) to produce amino acids avoids the use of extra nitrogen sources and meets the requirements of green chemistry, which is attracting increasing attention. In this review, we summarize different chemical-catalytic systems for the transformation of biomass to amino acids. An outlook on the challenges and opportunities for more effective production of amino acids from biomass by catalytic methods is provided.

Keywords： biomass amino acids chitin nitrogen-containing compounds lignocellulose

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EGG PRODUCTION IN CHINA: CURRENT STATUS AND OUTLOOK

Ning YANG

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 8, Issue 1, Pages 25-34 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020363

Abstract: Eggs are one of the most nutritious and affordable animal products worldwide. From 1985, egg production in China has retained the leading place in the world. A total of 33 Mt of eggs were produced in 2019 representing ˃ 40% of the world total production. Egg production in China is characterized by diversity in several aspects, including layer breeds, products and production systems. New breeds and synthetic lines are developed to improve the genetic potentials of egg production and feed efficiency of layers. In the past, layer farms were run mostly by small households with 100 to 1000 layers per farm. Over the past decades, egg production in China has developed toward standardization and expansion of production systems, and many of these modern intensive farms raise millions of layers. Although the Chinese egg products maintain strong competitiveness over other animal products and imported egg products, the egg industry will grow at a slower pace compared to the past. Chinese consumers are more concerned about the quality and safety of eggs and egg products, as well as the environmental issues related to animal production, which presents challenges for the Chinese egg industry.

Keywords： poultry farms China diversity egg production trends